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The Bohr model of atomic structure was developed by Danish physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr (...View MoreThe Bohr model of atomic structure was developed by Danish physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr (1885â€“1962). Published in 1913, Bohr's model improved the classical atomic models of physicists J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford by incorporating quantum theory. While working on his doctoral dissertation at Copenhagen University, Bohr studied physicist Max Planck's quantum theory of radiation. After graduation, Bohr worked in England with Thomson and subsequently with Rutherford. During this time Bohr developed his model of atomic structure.

Before Bohr, the classical model of the atom was similar to the Copernican model of the solar system where, just as planets orbit the Sun, electrically negative electrons moved in orbits about a relatively massive, positively charged nucleus. The classical model of the atom allowed electrons to orbit at any distance from the nucleus. This predicted that when, for example, a hydrogen atom was heated, it should produce a continuous spectrum of colors as it cooled because its electron, moved away from the nucleus by the heat energy, would gradually give up that energy as it spiraled back closer to the nucleus. Spectroscopic experiments, however, showed that hydrogen atoms produced only certain colors when heated. In addition, physicist James Clark Maxwell's influential studies on electromagnetic radiation (light) predicted that an electron orbiting around the nucleus according to Newton's laws would continuously lose energy and eventually fall into the nucleus. To account for the observed properties of hydrogen, Bohr proposed that electrons existed only in certain orbits and that, instead of traveling between orbits, electrons made instantaneous quantum leaps or jumps between allowed orbits.

But while this theory explained the quantum nature of atoms, some other unusual questions were raised, questions that have now become an accepted characteristic of quantum reality. For example, an electron can't exist between quantum states, not even for an instant. There is no such thing as in between. It's like jumping from one hour to the next without passing through the minutes in between, or disappearing from one end of a room to miraculously reappear at the other end. This quantum leaping in and out of existence can be very unnerving. How does a quantum state mysteriously materialize out of nowhere? How do you get from one place to another without crossing the territory in between?

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